{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:14:32Z","timestamp":1778087672843,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Sarcoidosis is a multi\u2010system inflammatory disease characterised by granulomas, primarily affecting the respiratory system, but it has extra\u2010thoracic involvement. Sarcoidosis may have different presentations and disease courses based on ethnicity; however, limited data exist on its differences in M\u0101ori and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment and disease progression of sarcoidosis in Waikato District Health Board (DHB) patients, and compare these in M\u0101ori and NZ European ethnic groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using Waikato DHB electronic records (2019\u20132021) for 158 patients with confirmed sarcoidosis. Baseline demographics, radiologic grading, lung function and treatments were collected and analysed. Differences between M\u0101ori and NZ European patients were assessed using \u03c7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , analysis of variance and Mann\u2013Whitney tests, with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <\u20090.05 considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The cohort (mean age: 56\u2009years; 17% M\u0101ori, 70% NZ European) exhibited high rates of co\u2010morbidities, notably obesity (46%). There was extra\u2010thoracic involvement in 39% of patients, which was commonly ocular and cutaneous. Diagnosis relied on radiological methods solely or endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration in most cases. M\u0101ori patients displayed significantly higher extra\u2010thoracic sarcoidosis involvement (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =\u20090.045) and lower rates of lung fibrosis. No significant differences were found in lung function decline, respiratory\u2010related hospitalisations or mortality between groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Our cohort demonstrates heterogeneous staging and prevalent extra\u2010thoracic manifestations. M\u0101ori patients have greater extra\u2010thoracic involvement and lower lung fibrosis than European patients without significant differences in treatment or disease course but with significant metabolic comorbidities. Systemic steroids are well tolerated, but steroid\u2010sparing agent use is limited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.70392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:07:27Z","timestamp":1772996847000},"page":"563-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical features, treatment and outcomes of sarcoidosis in\n New Zealand<\/scp>\n : a comparative study between\n M\u0101ori<\/scp>\n and\n New Zealand European<\/scp>\n patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3739-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam","family":"Petrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Waikato Clinical School, School of Medicine University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1302-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eskandarain","family":"Shafuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Waikato Hospital Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Sarcoidosis: a state of the art review from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand \u2013 Ahmadzai \u2013 2018 \u2013 Medical Journal of Australia \u2013 Wiley Online Library. n.d. Accessed October 29 2024.https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.5694\/mja17.00610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ats4-99"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2019.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04079-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Characteristics of sarcoidosis in Maori and Pacific Islanders \u2013 PubMed. n.d. Accessed October 29 2024.https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27731528\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Snapshot of Health New Zealand \u2010 Waikato \u00bb Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand Waikato. n.d. Accessed October 29 2024.https:\/\/www.waikatodhb.health.nz\/about-us\/snapshot-of-waikato-dhb\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.4_MeetingAbstracts.754S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15761\/LBJ.1000121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.545413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","article-title":"Corticosteroids for pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"2005","author":"Paramothayan NS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199903000-00001"}],"container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imj.70392","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/imj.70392","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imj.70392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:53:21Z","timestamp":1778086401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imj.70392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imj.70392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.70392","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-0903","1445-5994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-0903","type":"print"},{"value":"1445-5994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}