{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T14:44:29Z","timestamp":1786200269880,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Salmonellosis contributes to a significant burden on global healthcare systems. The impact of this foodborne bacterium is more pronounced when the infection is invasive, leading to bacteraemia and sepsis. Studies on invasive salmonellosis are few, and there is an urgent need to understand the spatial distribution of bacteraemia and the different contributing serotypes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n To describe the spatial and temporal distribution of\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n bacteraemia in Queensland from 2010 to 2019 and identify high\u2010risk areas and demographic groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A retrospective population\u2010based spatiotemporal analysis was conducted using laboratory\u2010confirmed\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n bacteraemia notifications. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated at the postcode level using indirect standardisation with age and sex as stratification variables. A Besag\u2010York\u2010Moll\u00e8 (BYM) Poisson model was used to estimate posterior mean relative risks (RRs), assess spatial clustering and identify hotspots.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The highest risk was observed in children aged 0\u201310\u2009years (RR\u2009=\u20092.36, 95% CI: 2.00\u20132.78), and males had a 24% higher risk than females (RR\u2009=\u20091.24, 95% CI: 1.10\u20131.40). Across the study period, approximately 39% of postcode areas exceeded RR >\u20091.5. The three most common\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n serotypes also exhibited notable spatial heterogeneity. We found that Tropical North QLD (RR ranges from 1.6 to 5.39) and the outback areas of Central QLD (RR ranges from 1.8 to 6.19) were high\u2010risk areas for bacteraemia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n bacteraemia in QLD shows substantial spatial and demographic heterogeneity, with clear hotspots in remote and tropical regions, supporting targeted, serotype\u2010informed surveillance and prevention strategies, particularly for children and males in high\u2010risk areas.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.70579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T14:24:51Z","timestamp":1786199091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A spatiotemporal analysis of\n Salmonella<\/i>\n bacteraemia in Queensland, 2010\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Naveen","family":"Manchal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Tropical Medicine College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan K","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro North Public Health Unit Metro North Hospital and Health Service Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health University of Queensland Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Tropical Medicine College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oyelola A.","family":"Adegboye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Tropical Medicine College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University Darwin Northwest Territories Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1353-1359.2001","article-title":"Molecular characterization of invasive and noninvasive Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates","volume":"39","author":"Carvalho AC","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61752-2","article-title":"Invasive non\u2010typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa","volume":"379","author":"Feasey NA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2324709617707978","article-title":"Invasive listeria monocytogenes gastroenteritis leading to stupor, bacteremia, fever, and diarrhea: a rare life\u2010threatening condition","volume":"5","author":"Mehmood H","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2018.159","article-title":"Vibrio vulnificus infection: a persistent threat to public health","volume":"33","author":"Yun NR","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Queensland Health.Bacterial communicable diseases 2023. 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