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Carbamylated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> has been suggested to promote atherogenesis in patients with chronic kidney disease. Here we observed that plasma IgG and IgM antibodies to carbamylated epitopes were associated with IgG and IgM antibodies to oxidation\u2010specific epitopes (<jats:italic>\u03c1\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b765\u20130\u00b786, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001) in healthy adults, suggesting a cross\u2010reaction between antibodies recognizing carbamyl\u2010epitopes and malondialdehyde (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>)\/malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAA<\/jats:styled-content>) \u2010adducts. We used a phage display technique to clone a human Fab antibody that bound to carbamylated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> and other carbamylated proteins. Anti\u2010carbamyl\u2010Fab (Fab106) cross\u2010reacted with oxidation\u2010specific epitopes, especially with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content>. We showed that Fab106 bound to apoptotic Jurkat cells known to contain these oxidation\u2010specific epitopes, and the binding was competed with soluble carbamylated and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010modified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSA<\/jats:styled-content>. In addition, Fab106 was able to block the uptake of carbamyl\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content> by macrophages and stained mouse atherosclerotic lesions. The observed cross\u2010reaction between carbamylated and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010modified LDL and its contribution to enhanced atherogenesis in uraemic patients require further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T08:08:45Z","timestamp":1383034125000},"page":"416-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Human monoclonal Fab and human plasma antibodies to carbamyl\u2010epitopes cross\u2010react with malondialdehyde\u2010adducts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Outi","family":"Kummu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Diagnostics University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"NordLab Oulu Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Pauliina","family":"Turunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Diagnostics University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"NordLab Oulu Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Prus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Biocenter Oulu University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Lehtim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Diagnostics University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu 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