{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:14:05Z","timestamp":1774437245536,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,10]],"date-time":"2014-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT086852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT086852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>We have previously reported that ES<\/jats:styled-content>\u201062, a molecule secreted by the parasitic filarial nematode A<\/jats:styled-content>canthocheilonema viteae<\/jats:italic>, protects mice from developing collagen\u2010induced arthritis (CIA<\/jats:styled-content>). Together with increasing evidence that worm infection may protect against autoimmune conditions, this raises the possibility that ES<\/jats:styled-content>\u201062 may have therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis and hence, it is important to fully understand its mechanism of action. To this end, we have established to date that ES<\/jats:styled-content>\u201062 protection in CIA<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with suppressed T helper type 1 (T<\/jats:styled-content>h1)\/T<\/jats:styled-content>h17 responses, reduced collagen\u2010specific I<\/jats:styled-content>gG<\/jats:styled-content>2a antibodies and increased interleukin\u201010 (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010) production by splenocytes. IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010\u2010producing regulatory B<\/jats:styled-content> cells have been proposed to suppress pathogenic T<\/jats:styled-content>h1\/T<\/jats:styled-content>h17 responses in CIA<\/jats:styled-content>: interestingly therefore, although the levels of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010\u2010producing B<\/jats:styled-content> cells were decreased in the spleens of mice with CIA<\/jats:styled-content>, ES<\/jats:styled-content>\u201062 was found to restore these to the levels found in naive mice. In addition, exposure to ES<\/jats:styled-content>\u201062 decreased effector B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell, particularly plasma cell, infiltration of the joints, and such infiltrating B<\/jats:styled-content> cells showed dramatically reduced levels of T<\/jats:styled-content>oll\u2010like receptor 4 and the activation markers, CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 and CD<\/jats:styled-content>86. Collectively, this induction of hyporesponsiveness of effector B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell responses, in the context of the resetting of the levels of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010\u2010producing B<\/jats:styled-content> cells, is suggestive of a modulation of the balance between effector and regulatory B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell responses that may contribute to ES<\/jats:styled-content>\u201062\u2010mediated suppression of CIA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated inflammation and inhibition of production of pathogenic collagen\u2010specific I<\/jats:styled-content>gG<\/jats:styled-content>2a antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T09:19:32Z","timestamp":1383556772000},"page":"457-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Protection against collagen\u2010induced arthritis in mice 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