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VV infection is known to perturb several pathways for immune recognition including MHC class II (MHCII) and CD1d\u2010restricted antigen presentation. MHCII and CD1d molecules associate with a conserved intracellular chaperone, CD74, also known as invariant chain. Upon VV infection, cellular CD74 levels are significantly reduced in antigen\u2010presenting cells, consistent with the observed destabilization of MHCII molecules. In the current study, the ability of sustained CD74 expression to overcome VV\u2010induced suppression of antigen presentation was investigated. Viral inhibition of MHCII antigen presentation could be partially ameliorated by ectopic expression of CD74 or by infection of cells with a recombinant VV encoding murine CD74 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mCD<\/jats:styled-content>74\u2010VV). In contrast, virus\u2010induced disruptions in CD1d\u2010mediated antigen presentation persisted even with sustained CD74 expression. Mice immunized with the recombinant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mCD<\/jats:styled-content>74\u2010VV displayed greater protection during VV challenge and more robust anti\u2010VV antibody responses. Together, these observations suggest that recombinant VV vaccines encoding CD74 may be useful tools to improve CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses to viral and tumour antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]],"date-time":"2013-11-08T14:24:38Z","timestamp":1383920678000},"page":"531-539","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Virus\u2010encoded ectopic <scp>CD<\/scp>74 enhances poxvirus vaccine efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Crystal C.","family":"Walline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Deffit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology Indiana 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