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Evidence for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    comes from case contact studies that consistently show that a proportion of heavily exposed individuals do not develop\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Further support for the existence of this phenotype comes from genetic loci associated with tuberculin reactivity. In this review we discuss aspects of the innate response that may underpin\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and hypotheses that can be tested through field laboratory link studies in\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    case contacts. Specifically, we consider mechanisms whereby alveolar macrophages recognize and kill intracellular\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and how other cell types, such as neutrophils, natural killer T cells, mucosa\u2010associated invariant T cells and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    T cells may assist. How\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    may be impaired by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection or vitamin D deficiency is also explored. As\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is a form of protective immunity, further study may advance the development of vaccines and immunotherapies to prevent\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,5]],"date-time":"2013-12-05T05:23:10Z","timestamp":1386220990000},"page":"506-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Early clearance of\n                    <i>\n                      <scp>M<\/scp>\n                      ycobacterium tuberculosis\n                    <\/i>\n                    : a new frontier in prevention"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Ayesha J.","family":"Verrall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for International Health University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"G. 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