{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:43:45Z","timestamp":1780404225944,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content>) is an autoimmune disease in which abnormal immune responses are mediated by tissue\u2010binding autoantibodies and immune complex deposition. Because most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients are women of child\u2010bearing age, oestrogen has been suggested to play an important role in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> pathogenesis. One proposed role is to induce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell activation, culminating in increased autoantibody production. Interleukin\u201021 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021) has been shown to be crucial in the differentiation of activated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> cells into plasma cells. We therefore hypothesized that oestrogen up\u2010regulates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021 production and induces subsequent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell activation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Peripheral blood was obtained from 22 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 16 healthy controls. Expression levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021 and its receptor in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells were higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in healthy controls. Exposure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients to 17<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010oestradiol led to a dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021 expression, which was abolished in the presence of mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAPK<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAPK<\/jats:styled-content> kinase, p38, Jun N\u2010terminal kinase) inhibitors. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> cells from healthy controls showed increased antibody production when they were co\u2010cultured with oestrogen\u2010treated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021 antibody abrogated the increased antibody production of the co\u2010culture systems. This study revealed the association between oestrogen and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Oestrogen up\u2010regulates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201021 expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells via <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAPK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent pathways in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients, which in turn induces increased antibody production by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T22:45:28Z","timestamp":1391553928000},"page":"573-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Oestrogen up\u2010regulates interleukin\u201021 production by <scp>CD<\/scp>4<sup>+<\/sup><scp>T<\/scp> lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Centre Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science The Catholic University of Korea Seocho\u2010gu Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Centre for Rheumatic Disease Seoul St Mary's Hospital The Catholic University of Korea Seocho\u2010gu Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Kyoung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ewha Woman University School of Medicine Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seon\u2010Yeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Centre Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science The Catholic University of Korea Seocho\u2010gu Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang\u2010Mi","family":"Her","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Centre Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science The Catholic University of Korea Seocho\u2010gu Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi\u2010Kyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Centre Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science The Catholic University of Korea Seocho\u2010gu Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung\u2010Ki","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Centre Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science The Catholic University of Korea Seocho\u2010gu Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Centre for 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