{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T05:14:37Z","timestamp":1773724477296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101027 [(S,R)\u20103\u2010phenyl\u20104,5\u2010dihydro\u20105\u2010isoxasole acetic acid] is a small molecule compound with immunomodulatory properties, which favourably influences the development of immuno\u2010inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in different animal models such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, pleurisy, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the precise mechanism of action of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101027 remains to be ascertained. With this aim, we have studied the immunomodulatory effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101027 <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, using a genome\u2010wide oligonucleotide microarray approach, and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NZB<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NZW<\/jats:styled-content> F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Microarray data revealed that the administration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101027 profoundly affected the immune response to exogenous antigens, by modulating the expression of genes that are primarily involved in antigen processing and presentation as well as genes that regulate immune activation. When administered <jats:italic>in vivo <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101027 ameliorated the course of the disease in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NZB<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NZW<\/jats:styled-content> F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mice, which correlated with higher per\u00a0cent survival and improved clinical and histopathological signs. The data presented herein support the theory that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101027 modulates immunity, probably by inhibiting inflammatory antigen presentation and so limiting immune cell expansion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T09:54:42Z","timestamp":1392630882000},"page":"594-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["<scp>VGX<\/scp>\u20101027 modulates genes involved in lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced <scp>T<\/scp>oll\u2010like receptor 4 activation and in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Fagone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio\u2010Medical Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karuppiah","family":"Muthumani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Mangano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio\u2010Medical Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Magro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department G.F. Ingrassia Section of Anatomic Pathology University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Meroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Milan IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Blue Bell PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niranjan Y.","family":"Sardesai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 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