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We produced polyclonal anti\u2010murine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 antibodies and investigated their effect on cutaneous leishmaniasis and inflammatory arthritis. Administration of these antibodies to susceptible <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice, infected in the footpad with <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>, reduced footpad swelling but not the parasite load compared with mice treated with control IgG. The antibodies synergistically reduced leishmanial\u2010specific T\u2010cell proliferation, T helper type 1 and type 2 cytokine production, specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody synthesis, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell receptor and co\u2010stimulatory molecule expression on dendritic cells in infected mice. We then tested the effect of these antibodies on collagen\u2010induced arthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIA<\/jats:styled-content>) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBA<\/jats:styled-content>\/1 mice, a classic model of chronic inflammation. Both antibodies markedly suppressed the development of clinical parameters with concomitant reduction of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine production. These data therefore suggest that anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2 and 4 antibodies may have a synergistic therapeutic effect on inflammatory disease <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T13:22:34Z","timestamp":1399382554000},"page":"354-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Anti\u2010Toll\u2010like receptor 2 and 4 antibodies suppress inflammatory response in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Mousa","family":"Komai\u2010Koma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, 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