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In this study we sought to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular processes in endemic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>, as the identification of factors that participate in the pathogenesis is a prerequisite for understanding its biological basis and may lead to novel therapeutic interventions. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes are central to the development of the disease. Therefore, we compared genome\u2010wide gene expression profiles of peripheral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells of various <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content> patient subgroups with each other and with that of healthy individuals. The patient sample was subdivided into three groups: untreated patients with the generalized form of the disease, patients submitted to immunosuppressive treatment, and patients with the localized form of the disease. Comparisons between different subgroups resulted in 135, 54 and 64 genes differentially expressed. These genes are mainly related to lymphocyte adhesion and migration, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Several of these genes were differentially expressed when comparing lesional and uninvolved skin from the same patient. The chromosomal regions 19q13 and 12p13 concentrate differentially expressed genes and are candidate regions for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content> susceptibility genes and disease markers. Our results reveal genes involved in disease severity, potential therapeutic targets and previously unsuspected processes involved in the pathogenesis. Besides, this study adds original information that will contribute to the understanding of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>'s pathogenesis and of the still poorly defined <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> functions of most of these genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,11]],"date-time":"2014-05-11T11:00:41Z","timestamp":1399806041000},"page":"381-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Genome\u2010wide gene expression profiling reveals unsuspected molecular alterations in pemphigus foliaceus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Danielle","family":"Malheiros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory Department of Genetics Federal University of Paran\u00e1 Curitiba Paran\u00e1 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