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However, it was recently shown that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109\u2010producing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells represent a discrete subset of Th cells, designated Th9 cells. Although Th9 cells have been shown to be important in many diseases, their roles in myasthenia gravis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>) are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 and Th9 cells promote the progression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAMG<\/jats:styled-content>). The results showed that the percentage of Th9 cells changed during the progression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAMG<\/jats:styled-content>, accompanied by an up\u2010regulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109. Blocking <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 activity with antibodies against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 inhibited <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAMG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated pathology in rats and reduced serum anti\u2010acetylcholine receptor IgG levels. Neutralization of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 altered the Th subset distribution in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAMG<\/jats:styled-content>, reducing the number of Th1 cells and increasing the number of regulatory T cells. Administration of an anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 antibody may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated pathologies or other T\u2010cell\u2010 or B\u2010cell\u2010mediated autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]],"date-time":"2014-05-21T17:01:38Z","timestamp":1400691698000},"page":"396-405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Neutralization of interleukin\u20109 ameliorates symptoms of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats by decreasing effector T cells and altering humoral responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Xiuhua","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Provincial Key Laboratory of 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