{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:30:33Z","timestamp":1784716233070,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial meningitis is, despite progress in research and the development of new treatment strategies, still a cause of severe neuronal sequelae. The brain is protected from penetrating pathogens by both the blood\u2013brain barrier and the innate immune system. The invading pathogens are recognized by pattern recognition receptors including the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010protein coupled formyl peptide receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPR<\/jats:styled-content>s), which are expressed by immune cells of the central nervous system. The expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPR<\/jats:styled-content>s is up\u2010regulated during bacterial meningitis, but the consequence on the progression of inflammation and impact on mortality are far from clear. Therefore, we used <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mFPR<\/jats:styled-content>1 and mFPR2\u2010deficient mice to investigate the effects on inflammation, bacterial growth and mortality in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis. Our results revealed increased bacterial burden, increased neutrophil infiltration and higher mortality in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mFPR<\/jats:styled-content>1\/2\u2010deficient mice in comparison to wild\u2010type mice. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mFPR<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010 or m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPR<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010deficient mice also showed significantly increased glial cell density, whereas the immune responses including the expression of anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides were decreased in bacterial meningitis. Taken together, the results suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPR<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPR<\/jats:styled-content>2 play an important role in the innate immune responses against <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>treptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> within the central nervous system and the lack of the receptors leads to a dysregulation of the inflammatory response compared with wild\u2010type mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]],"date-time":"2014-05-27T10:09:26Z","timestamp":1401185366000},"page":"447-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Lack of formyl peptide receptor 1 and 2 leads to more severe inflammation and higher mortality in mice with of pneumococcal meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Oldekamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Pscheidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Kress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Soehnlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention LMU Munich Munich 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