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In previous studies screening patient sera against antigen arrays, SseB was noteworthy as a serodominant target of adaptive immunity, inducing significantly raised antibody responses in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010seronegative compared with seropositive patients. SseB is a secreted protein, part of the Espa superfamily, localized to the bacterial surface and forming part of the translocon of the type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> secretion system (T3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>) encoded by <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> pathogenicity island 2. We demonstrate here that SseB is also a target of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 T\u2010cell immunity, generating a substantial response after experimental infection in human volunteers, with around 0\u00b71% of the peripheral repertoire responding to it. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>\/peptide binding studies indicate that this protein encompasses a number of peptides with ability to bind to several different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content> alleles. Of these, peptide 11 (p11) was shown in priming of both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>4 transgenic mice to contain an immunodominant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 epitope. Analysis of responses in human donors showed immunity focused on p11 and another epitope in peptide 2. The high frequency of SseB\u2010reactive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 T cells and the broad applicability to diverse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes coupled with previous observations of serodominance and protective vaccination in mouse challenge experiments, make SseB a plausible candidate for next\u2010generation <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]],"date-time":"2014-05-31T12:46:37Z","timestamp":1401540397000},"page":"438-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The serodominant secreted effector protein of <i>Salmonella<\/i>, SseB, is a strong CD4 antigen containing an immunodominant epitope presented by diverse <scp>HLA<\/scp> class <scp>II<\/scp> 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