{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:14:15Z","timestamp":1789827255631,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,10]],"date-time":"2014-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucocorticoid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>) is often given when preterm delivery is expected. This treatment is successful in stimulating the development of the fetal lung. However, reports and related research regarding the prolonged effects of prenatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content> on the development of immunity are very limited. Some data, derived from infants whose mothers were given immunosuppressants during pregnancy for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, suggest that prenatal exposure to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content> may have only a limited effect on the development of the immune system. What is unknown is whether the immune modulation effects of prenatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content> might appear at a later childhood stage and beyond. Here we evaluated the immune programming influenced by prenatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>. Pregnant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>prague\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>awley rats received dexamethasone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content>; 0\u00b71\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) or saline at gestational days 14\u201320. Male offspring were killed at day 7 or day 120 after birth. Spleens were collected for immune study. Of the inflammation mediators, matrix metalloproteinase\u20109, tumour necrosis factor\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) and granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>s decreased in the prenatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> group at an early stage after birth. Upon concanavalin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> stimulation, prenatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> treatment reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> production, but not interferon\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> production, by splenocytes at day 120 after birth compared with the vehicle group. Decreased levels of active chromatin signs (acetylation of histone H3 lysines, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>4me1\/3, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>36me3) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> promoter were compatible with the expressions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>. Our results suggest that prenatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> has a profound and lasting impact on the developing immune system even to the adult stage. Epigenetic histone modifications regulate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF\u2010<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> expression following prenatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T21:57:32Z","timestamp":1403647052000},"page":"651-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prenatal dexamethasone exposure in rats results in long\u2010term epigenetic histone modifications and tumour necrosis factor\u2010<i>\u03b1<\/i> production decrease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Hong\u2010Ren","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Centre Graduate Insititute of Clinical Medical Science Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho\u2010Chang","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Centre Graduate Insititute of Clinical Medical Science Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Centre Graduate Insititute of Clinical Medical Science Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiunn\u2010Ming","family":"Sheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Centre Graduate Insititute of Clinical Medical Science Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao\u2010Meng","family":"Tiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Centre Graduate Insititute of Clinical Medical Science Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Chieh","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Centre Graduate Insititute of Clinical Medical Science Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kow\u2010Aung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Centre Graduate Insititute of Clinical 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