{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T13:30:49Z","timestamp":1749735049783},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]],"date-time":"2015-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> is an endosymbiotic bacterium of the filarial nematode <jats:italic>Brugia malayi<\/jats:italic>. The symbiotic relationship between <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> and its filarial host is dependent on interactions between the proteins of both organisms. However, little is known about <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> proteins that are involved in the inflammatory pathology of the host during lymphatic filariasis. In the present study, we cloned, expressed and purified <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> surface protein (r\u2010wsp) from <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> and administered it to mice, either alone or in combination with infective larvae of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0malayi<\/jats:italic> (Bm\u2010L3) and monitored the developing immune response in infected animals. Our results show that spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice immunized with either r\u2010wsp or infected with Bm\u2010L3 show increased percentages of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and Th1 cytokines like interferon\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> and interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102) along with decreased percentages of regulatory T cells, Th2 cytokines like IL\u20104 and IL\u201010 and transforming growth factor <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>) levels in culture supernatants of splenocytes. These observations were stronger in mice immunized with r\u2010wsp alone. Interestingly, when mice were first immunized with r\u2010wsp and subsequently infected with Bm\u2010L3, percentages of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Th17 cells and Th1 cytokines increased even further while that of regulatory T cells, Th2 cytokines and TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> levels decreased. These results for the first time show that r\u2010wsp acts synergistically with Bm\u2010L3 in promoting a pro\u2010inflammatory response by increasing Th17 cells and at the same time diminishes host immunological tolerance by decreasing regulatory T cells and TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> secretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T11:33:52Z","timestamp":1406201632000},"page":"231-244","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>Wolbachia<\/i> endosymbiont of <i>Brugia malayi<\/i> elicits a T helper type 17\u2010mediated pro\u2010inflammatory immune response through <i>Wolbachia<\/i> surface protein"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Manisha","family":"Pathak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Division CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Division CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mrigank","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Division CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shailja","family":"Misra\u2010Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Division CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01399-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00158-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)60004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328315cde7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X09344922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/586753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.2.1240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.8.1429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5687-5692.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.12.6723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Clinical study on treatment of HIV infected persons based on viral load detection and CD4+ T lymphocyte counting","volume":"16","author":"Lin X","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"The symbiotic relationship between filarial parasitic nematodes and their Wolbachia endosymbionts: a resource for a new generation of control measures","volume":"46","author":"Ghedin E","year":"2008","journal-title":"Symbiosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.2.1068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5995","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.11.5995","article-title":"Infection of IL\u20104\u2010deficient mice with the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi demonstrates that host resistance is not dependent on a T helper 2\u2010dominated immune response","volume":"154","author":"Lawrence RA","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2215-2219.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4361-4367.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2009.00172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2011.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2006.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.9.2373-2378.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.15.5406-5418.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-48"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.41.110306.130354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830231238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01835-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00211-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.5.1742-1747.1997","article-title":"Regulation of parasite antigen\u2010driven immune responses by interleukin\u201010 (IL\u201010) and IL\u201012 in lymphatic filariasis","volume":"65","author":"Mahanty S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2205920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.4.1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06878"}],"container-title":["Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fimm.12364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imm.12364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T13:04:27Z","timestamp":1696251867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imm.12364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imm.12364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.12364","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-2805","1365-2567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-2805","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-07-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}