{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:22:33Z","timestamp":1790400153996,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,9]],"date-time":"2015-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research (C) from the Ministry for Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","award":["24890080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24890080"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Toll\u2010like receptor (\n TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) agonists have been shown to have anti\u2010tumour activity in basic research and clinical studies. However,\n TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n agonist monotherapy does not sufficiently eliminate tumours. Activation of the innate immune response by\n TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n agonists is effective at driving adaptive immunity via interleukin\u201012 (\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201012) or\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101, but is counteracted by the simultaneous induction of immunosuppressive cytokines and other molecules, including\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010, transforming growth factor\u2010\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n , and indoleamine 2,3\u2010dioxygenase (\n IDO<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). In the present study, we evaluated the anti\u2010cancer effect of the\n TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 7 agonist, imiquimod (\n IMQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), in the absence of\n IDO<\/jats:styled-content>\n activity. The administration of\n IMQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n IDO<\/jats:styled-content>\n knockout (\n KO<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) mice inoculated with tumour cells significantly suppressed tumour progression compared with that in wild\u2010type (\n WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) mice, and improved the survival rate. Moreover, injection with\n IMQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n enhanced the tumour antigen\u2010specific T helper type 1 response in\n IDO<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n KO<\/jats:styled-content>\n mice with tumours. Combination therapy with\n IMQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n and an\n IDO<\/jats:styled-content>\n inhibitor also significantly inhibited tumour growth. Our results indicated that the enhancement of\n IDO<\/jats:styled-content>\n expression with\n TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n agonists in cancer treatment might impair host anti\u2010tumour immunity while the inhibition of\n IDO<\/jats:styled-content>\n could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of\n TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n agonists via the increase of T helper type 1 immune response.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T10:36:26Z","timestamp":1413455786000},"page":"621-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3\u2010dioxygenase activity enhances the anti\u2010tumour effects of a\n T<\/scp>\n oll\u2010like receptor 7 agonist in an established cancer model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informative Clinical Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informative Clinical Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Arioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informative Clinical Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Sciences Graduate School of 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