{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T11:18:52Z","timestamp":1789816732654,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish National Scientific Center","award":["2013\/09\/N\/NZ6\/00753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/09\/N\/NZ6\/00753"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Murine contact sensitivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>) reaction could be antigen\u2010specifically regulated by T <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> suppressor (Ts) lymphocytes releasing micro<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010150 in antibody light\u2010chain\u2010coated exosomes that were formerly suggested to suppress <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> through action on macrophages (M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic>). The present studies investigated the role of M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic> in Ts cell\u2010exosome\u2010mediated antigen\u2010specific suppression as well as modulation of M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic> antigen\u2010presenting function in humoral and cellular immunity by suppressive exosomes. Mice depleted of M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic> by clodronate liposomes could not be tolerized and did not produce suppressive exosomes. Moreover, isolated T effector lymphocytes transferring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> were suppressed by exosomes only in the presence of M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic>, demonstrating the substantial role of M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic> in the generation and action of Ts cell regulatory exosomes. Further, significant decrease of number of splenic B cells producing trinitrophenyl (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNP<\/jats:styled-content>) \u2010specific antibodies with the alteration of the ratio of serum titres of IgM to IgG was observed in recipients of exosome\u2010treated, antigen\u2010pulsed M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic> and the significant suppression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> was demonstrated in recipients of exosome\u2010treated, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010conjugated M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, exosome\u2010pulsed, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010conjugated M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic> mediated suppression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> in mice pre\u2010treated with a low\u2010dose of cyclophosphamide, suggesting <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> induction of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. Treg cell involvement in the effector phase of the studied suppression mechanism was proved by unsuccessful tolerization of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEREG<\/jats:styled-content> mice depleted of Treg lymphocytes. Furthermore, the inhibition of proliferation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> effector cells cultured with exosome\u2010treated M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic> in a transmembrane manner was observed. Our results demonstrated the essential role of M<jats:italic>\u03c6<\/jats:italic> in antigen\u2010specific immune suppression mediated by Ts cell\u2010derived exosomes and realized by induction of Treg lymphocytes and inhibition of T effector cell proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T21:31:37Z","timestamp":1427232697000},"page":"23-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Macrophages play an essential role in antigen\u2010specific immune suppression mediated by T <scp>CD<\/scp>8<sup>+<\/sup> cell\u2010derived exosomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Nazimek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wlodzimierz","family":"Ptak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadeta","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ptak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip W.","family":"Askenase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Bryniarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"T CD8+ cell\u2010derived exosomal miRNA\u2010150 suppresses induction and effector phases of murine contact sensitivity as well as symptoms of active allergy","volume":"39","author":"Bryniarski K","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"miRNA\u2010150 inhibits contact sensitivity response via antigen\u2010specific exosomes produced by T suppressor cells","volume":"137","author":"Bryniarski K","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.9.5821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Macrophage suppressor factor in contact sensitivity. 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