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We now report that all of the 135 humans studied, irrespective of health or autoimmune disease, manifested relatively high amounts of IgG antibodies binding to the 20\u2010mer G oligonucleotide (G20); no participants entirely lacked this reactivity. IgG antibodies to homo\u2010nucleotides A20, C20 or T20 were present only in the sera of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients who were positive for antibodies to ds<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>. The prevalence of anti\u2010G20 antibodies led us to survey human, mouse and <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic> (fruit fly) genomes for runs of T20 and G20 or more: runs of T20 appear &gt;\u00a0170\u00a0000 times compared with only 93 runs of G20 or more in the human genome; of these runs, 40 were close to brain\u2010associated genes. Mouse and fruit fly genomes showed significantly lower T20\/G20 ratios than did human genomes. Moreover, sera from both healthy and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> mice contained relatively little or no anti\u2010G20 antibodies; so natural anti\u2010G20 antibodies appear to be characteristic of humans. These unexpected observations invite investigation of the immune functions of anti\u2010G20 antibodies in human health and disease and of runs of G20 in the human genome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]],"date-time":"2015-07-29T14:09:02Z","timestamp":1438178942000},"page":"401-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Guanine polynucleotides are self\u2010antigens for human natural autoantibodies and are significantly reduced in the human genome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Ittai","family":"Fattal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel"},{"name":"Department of Physics of Complex Systems The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Rabin Medical Centre Petach Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noam","family":"Shental","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science The Open University of Israel Raanana Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9604-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shifra","family":"Ben\u2010Dor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Molad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatology Unit Rabin Medical Centre Beilinson Hospital Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Gabrielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari\u2010 Clinica Medica Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisheva","family":"Pokroy\u2010Shapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatology Unit Rabin Medical Centre Beilinson Hospital Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirly","family":"Oren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatology Unit Rabin Medical Centre Beilinson Hospital Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Livneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine F Sheba Medical Centre Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pnina","family":"Langevitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatology Unit Sheba Medical Centre Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisele","family":"Zandman\u2010Goddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine C Wolfson Medical Centre Holon Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Sarig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raanan","family":"Margalit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science in Action Ltd Weizmann Science Park Ness\u2010Ziona Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uzi","family":"Gafter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Rabin Medical Centre Petach Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eytan","family":"Domany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics of Complex Systems The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irun R.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29943"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203306lu2328oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Criteriapublished by Tan EMet\u00a0al. 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