{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:29:18Z","timestamp":1773926958935,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI\u2010032248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI\u2010032248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI\u2010092129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI\u2010092129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>C3H\/HeN female mice were vaccinated with native <jats:italic>Chlamydia muridarum<\/jats:italic> major outer membrane protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOMP<\/jats:styled-content>), using Montanide+CpG or Alum+CpG as adjuvants. Negative control groups were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and the same adjuvants. As positive control, mice were inoculated intranasally with live <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>. Mice were challenged in the ovarian bursa with 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>C.\u00a0muridarum<\/jats:italic> inclusion forming units. Six weeks after the genital challenge the animals were caged with male mice and monitored for pregnancy. Mice vaccinated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOMP<\/jats:styled-content>+Montanide+CpG developed high levels of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0muridarum<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific antibodies, with a high IgG2a\/IgG1 ratio and neutralizing titres. Animals immunized using Alum+CpG had low antibody levels. Cellular immune responses were significantly higher in mice vaccinated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOMP<\/jats:styled-content> and Montanide+CpG, but not with Alum+CpG, when compared with negative controls. Following the genital challenge, only 20% (4\/20) of mice vaccinated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOMP<\/jats:styled-content>+CpG+Montanide had positive vaginal cultures whereas 100% (9\/9) of mice immunized with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOMP<\/jats:styled-content>+CpG+Alum had positive cultures. Of the positive control animals inoculated with live <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> only 15% (3\/20) had positive vaginal cultures. In contrast, 100% (20\/20) of mice immunized with OVA+CpG+Montanide, or minimal essential medium, had positive cultures. Following mating, 80% (16\/20) of mice vaccinated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOMP<\/jats:styled-content>+CpG+Montanide, and 85% (17\/20) of animals inoculated intranasally with live <jats:italic>C.\u00a0muridarum<\/jats:italic> carried embryos in both uterine horns. No protection against infertility was observed in mice immunized with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOMP<\/jats:styled-content> and CpG+Alum or OVA. In conclusion, this is the first time that a subunit vaccine has been shown to elicit a protective immune response in the highly susceptible C3H\/HeN strain of mice against an upper genital challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]],"date-time":"2015-08-08T15:35:39Z","timestamp":1439048139000},"page":"432-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A vaccine formulated with the major outer membrane protein can protect C3H\/HeN, a highly susceptible strain of mice, from a <i>Chlamydia muridarum<\/i> genital challenge"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Sukumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I University of California, Irvine Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Tatarenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I University of California, Irvine Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"de la Maza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I University of California, Irvine Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.18.2229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Human Chlamydial Infections","author":"Schachter J","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"362","article-title":"Chlamydia screening among sexually active young female enrollees of health plans\u00a0\u2013\u00a0United States, 2000\u20132007","volume":"58","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199207000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"460","article-title":"Symposium on trachoma. Biology of the virus","volume":"2","author":"Grayston JT","year":"1963","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Trachoma: A Blinding Scourge From the Bronze Age to the Twenty\u2010First Century","author":"Taylor HR","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/444394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200302000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.8.5203-5206.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.8.2073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"TLR2 haplotypes in the susceptibility to and severity of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Dutch women","volume":"45","author":"Karimi O","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Medical Virology III","author":"Wang S\u2010P","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.90.6.849","article-title":"Classification of trachoma virus strains by protection of mice from toxic death","volume":"90","author":"Wang SP","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.4.791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.169.9.3879-3885.1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"892","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the outer\u2010membrane\u2010protein genes of Chlamydiae, and its implication for vaccine development","volume":"10","author":"Fitch WM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi047775v"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.3650102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00552-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.95.2454.49-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198404000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.5.2094-2097.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1010287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.8.3354-3362.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.027938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110077001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2014.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-197804000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"980","article-title":"Vaccines for Chlamydia trachomatis infections","volume":"3","author":"Maza LM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)80022-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2.3.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.09.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8153-8160.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.4812-4817.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00622-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/590670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.6.3.356-363.1999","article-title":"Immunization with a peptide corresponding to chlamydial heat shock protein 60 increases the humoral immune response in C3H mice to a peptide representing variable domain 4 of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"6","author":"Motin VL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.4.1391-1393.1995","article-title":"Deviation of immune response to Chlamydia psittaci outer membrane protein in lipopolysaccharide\u2010hyporesponsive mice","volume":"63","author":"Westbay TD","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-2-415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.31.3.1161-1176.1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.159.2.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.4.885-891.1988","article-title":"Protective role of magnesium in the neutralization by antibodies of Chlamydia trachomatis infectivity","volume":"56","author":"Peterson EM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90587-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.1.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-139-7-1565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00631-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1999.00663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00885-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)94155-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400040821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)94158-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1969.18.723","article-title":"Studies on trachoma. VI. Microbiological observations in a field trial in Saudi Arabia of bivalent rachoma vaccine at three dosage levels","volume":"18","author":"Nichols RL","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02922-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2001.00940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.3.663"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Systemic immunization with Hsp60 alters the development of chlamydial ocular disease","volume":"36","author":"Rank RG","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.5.1669-1674.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6979-6987.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.2741-2751.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00881-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00574-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(97)00206-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2643-2649.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.12.4704-4714.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.11.4000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.3.817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","first-page":"1847","article-title":"Oral immunization with chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP)","volume":"29","author":"Taylor HR","year":"1988","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.1.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3074-3078.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00219-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-139-12-2965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.8.3361-3369.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.5.809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M605482200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1516"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/424600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.18.9845-9851.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4207-4216.2000"}],"container-title":["Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fimm.12520","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imm.12520","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T18:56:04Z","timestamp":1696272964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imm.12520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imm.12520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.12520","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-2805","1365-2567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-2805","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-04-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-08-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}