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However, it remains unclear whether this increase in Treg cells is due to thymus\u2010derived Treg cell expansion or induction of Treg cells in the periphery. Here, we show that the frequency of Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg cells expressing neuropilin\u20101 (Nrp\u20101) decreased at early time\u2010points during <jats:italic>P. yoelii<\/jats:italic> infection, whereas percentages of Helios<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg cells remained unchanged. Both Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Nrp\u20101<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Nrp\u20101<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> Treg cells from <jats:italic>P. yoelii<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected mice exhibited a similar T\u2010cell receptor V<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> chain usage and methylation pattern in the Treg\u2010specific demethylation region within the <jats:italic>foxp3<\/jats:italic> locus. Strikingly, we did not observe induction of Foxp3 expression in Foxp3<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> T cells adoptively transferred to <jats:italic>P. yoelii<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected mice. Hence, our results suggest that <jats:italic>P. yoelii<\/jats:italic> infection triggered expansion of naturally occurring Treg cells rather than <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> induction of Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Treg cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T04:52:44Z","timestamp":1456894364000},"page":"197-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>Plasmodium yoelii<\/i> infection of BALB\/c mice results in expansion rather than induction of CD4<sup>+<\/sup> Foxp3<sup>+<\/sup> regulatory T cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Abel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital Essen University Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen 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