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However, the mechanism of statin\u2010induced immunosuppression is far from understood. Here, we found that atorvastatin promoted the expansion of myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s) both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Atorvastatin\u2010derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s suppressed T\u2010cell responses by nitric oxide production. Addition of mevalonate, a downstream metabolite of 3\u2010hydroxy\u20103\u2010methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, almost completely abrogated the effect of atorvastatin on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s, indicating that the mevalonate pathway was involved. Along with the amelioration of dextran sodium sulphate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSS<\/jats:styled-content>) \u2010induced murine acute and chronic colitis, we observed a higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> level both in spleen and intestine tissue compared with that from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSS<\/jats:styled-content> control mice. More importantly, transfer of atorvastatin\u2010derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s attenuated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSS<\/jats:styled-content> acute colitis and T\u2010cell transfer of chronic colitis. Hence, our data suggest that the expansion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s induced by statins may exert a beneficial effect on autoimmune diseases. In summary, our study provides a novel potential mechanism for statins\u2010based treatment in inflammatory bowel disease and perhaps other autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T13:58:44Z","timestamp":1471874324000},"page":"432-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Atorvastatin promotes the expansion of myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells and attenuates murine colitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Aihua","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme in Immunology Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Human Virology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou 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