{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:55:24Z","timestamp":1789102524320,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000837","name":"University of Nottingham","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The antigenic reactivity of constituents of <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> and peanut (<jats:italic>Arachis hypogaea<\/jats:italic>) was investigated to determine whether identical antigenic epitopes possessed by both organisms provided a possible explanation for the negative correlation between chronic schistosome infection and atopy to allergens. Aqueous extracts of peanuts were probed in Western immunoblots with rabbit IgG antibodies raised against the egg, cercarial and adult worm stages of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>. Several molecules in the peanut extract were antigenically reactive with antibodies from the various rabbit anti\u2010schistosome sera. A pair of cross\u2010reactive peanut molecules at ~30 000\u201333 000 molecular weight was purified and both proteins were identified by mass spectrometric analysis as the peanut allergen <jats:italic>Ara h<\/jats:italic> 1. Anti\u2010<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> soluble egg antigen antibodies that were eluted off the peanut molecules reacted with two <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> egg antigens identified by mass spectrometry as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPSE<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u20101 and <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u20105. Alignments of the amino acid sequences of <jats:italic>Ara h<\/jats:italic> 1 and either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPSE<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u20101 or <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\u20105 revealed a low level of peptide sequence identity. Incubation of nitrocellulose paper carrying electrophoresed peanut molecules, six constituents of other allergic plants and <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> egg antigens in a mild solution of sodium metaperiodate before probing with antibodies, inhibited most of the cross\u2010reactivities. The results are consistent with the antigenic cross\u2010reactive epitopes of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> egg antigens, peanut and other allergic plants being cross\u2010reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). These findings are novel and an explanation based on \u2018blocking antibodies\u2019 could provide an insight for the inverse relationship observed between schistosome infection and allergies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T00:22:46Z","timestamp":1487204566000},"page":"506-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Antigenic cross\u2010reactivity between <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> and peanut: a role for cross\u2010reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) and implications for the hygiene hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5843-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Igetei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK NG7 2RD"},{"name":"Department of Animal and 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