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The prototypical example and best\u2010characterized neurotrophic factor is nerve growth factor (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), which is widely recognized as a target\u2010derived factor responsible for the survival and maintenance of the phenotype of specific subsets of peripheral neurons and basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei during development and maturation. In addition to being active in a wide array of non\u2010nervous system cells,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is also synthesized by a range of cell types not considered as classical targets for innervation by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010dependent neurons; these include cells of the immune\u2010haematopoietic lineage and populations in the brain involved in neuroendocrine functions.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    concentrations are elevated in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune states such as multiple sclerosis, chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and mastocytosis, in conjunction with increased accumulation of mast cells. Intriguingly,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    seems to be linked also with diabetic pathology and insulin homeostasis. Mast cells and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    appear involved in neuroimmune interactions and tissue inflammation. As mast cells are capable of producing and responding to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , this suggests that alterations in mast cell behaviour could provoke maladaptive neuroimmune tissue responses, including those of an autoimmune nature. Moreover,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    exerts a modulatory role on sensory nociceptive nerve physiology in the adult, which appears to correlate with hyperalgesic phenomena occurring in tissue inflammation.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    can therefore be viewed as a multifactorial modulator of neuro\u2013immune\u2013endocrine functions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]],"date-time":"2017-01-23T09:29:30Z","timestamp":1485163770000},"page":"1-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Nerve growth factor: a neuroimmune crosstalk mediator for all 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