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Pattern recognition receptors (PRR<\/jats:styled-content>s) recognize and respond to pathogen\u2010associated molecular patterns (PAMP<\/jats:styled-content>s) and shape the following adaptive immune response. A family of PRR<\/jats:styled-content>s most frequently associated with fungal recognition is the nucleotide\u2010binding oligomerization domain\u2010like receptor (NLR<\/jats:styled-content>). After PAMP<\/jats:styled-content> recognition, NLR<\/jats:styled-content> family pyrin domain\u2010containing 3 (NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3) binds to apoptosis\u2010associated speck\u2010like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC<\/jats:styled-content>) and caspase\u20101 to form the NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 inflammasome. When activated, this complex promotes the maturation of the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines interleukin\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>) and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018 and cell death through pyroptosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the importance of the NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 inflammasome in the outcome of S. schenckii<\/jats:italic> infection using the following three different knockout (KO<\/jats:styled-content>) mice: NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>, ASC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> and caspase\u20101\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>. All KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice were more susceptible to infection than the wild\u2010type, suggesting that NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010triggered responses contribute to host protection during S. schenckii<\/jats:italic> infection. Furthermore, the NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 inflammasome appeared to be critical for the ex vivo<\/jats:italic> release of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 but not interferon\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, a role for the inflammasome in shaping the adaptive immune response was suggested by the lower frequencies of type 17 helper T (Th17) cells and Th1\/Th17 but not Th1 cells in S. schenckii<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice. Overall, our results indicate that the NLRP<\/jats:styled-content>3 inflammasome links the innate recognition of S. schenckii<\/jats:italic> to the adaptive immune response, so contributing to protection against this infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T13:50:02Z","timestamp":1485870602000},"page":"154-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["The NLRP<\/scp>3 inflammasome contributes to host protection during Sporothrix schenckii<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Amanda Costa","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara S\u00e3o Paulo State University (FCF\/UNESP) Araraquara Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Souza","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara S\u00e3o Paulo State University (FCF\/UNESP) Araraquara Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francine Alessandra","family":"Manente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara S\u00e3o Paulo State University (FCF\/UNESP) Araraquara Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Maria Quinello Gomes","family":"de Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara S\u00e3o Paulo State University (FCF\/UNESP) Araraquara Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa Campos","family":"Polesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical 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