{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:30:56Z","timestamp":1793039456719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Faculty of T\u00fcbingen University","award":["E.05\u00b700433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E.05\u00b700433"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infections are a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The outstandingly high susceptibility to infections early in life is mainly attributable to the compromised state of the neonatal immune system. One important difference to the adult immune system is a bias towards T helper type 2 (Th2) responses in newborns. However, mechanisms regulating neonatal T\u2010cell responses are incompletely understood. Granulocytic myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>) are myeloid cells with a granulocytic phenotype that suppress various functions of other immune cells and accumulate under physiological conditions during pregnancy in maternal and fetal blood. Although it has been hypothesized that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> accumulation during fetal life could be important for the maintenance of maternal\u2013fetal tolerance, the influence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> on the immunological phenotype of neonates is still unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> isolated from cord blood (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>) on the polarization of Th cells. We demonstrate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> inhibit Th1 responses and induced Th2 responses and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Th1 inhibition was cell\u2010contact dependent and occurred independent of other cell types, while Th2 induction was mediated independently of cell contact through expression of ArgI and reactive oxygen species by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> and partially needed the presence of monocytes. Treg cell induction by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> also occurred cell\u2010contact independently but was partially mediated through inducible nitric oxide synthase. These results point towards a role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> in regulating neonatal immune responses. Targeting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> function in neonates could be a therapeutic opportunity to improve neonatal host defence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T17:30:32Z","timestamp":1493746232000},"page":"89-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Granulocytic myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells from human cord blood modulate T\u2010helper cell response towards an anti\u2010inflammatory phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3718-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascha","family":"K\u00f6stlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology T\u00fcbingen University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margit","family":"Vogelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology T\u00fcbingen University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e4rbel","family":"Spring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology T\u00fcbingen University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology T\u00fcbingen University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Feucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics I T\u00fcbingen University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"H\u00e4rtel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University Clinic Schleswig Holstein L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten W.","family":"Orlikowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neonatology Aachen University Children's Hospital Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian F.","family":"Poets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology T\u00fcbingen University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology T\u00fcbingen University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen 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