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Interleukin\u201033 (IL\u201033) is a pleiotropic cytokine with pro\u2010inflammatory effects whose role in dengue has not been fully elucidated. We demonstrate that IL\u201033 plays a disease\u2010exacerbating role during experimental dengue infection in immunocompetent mice. Mice infected with dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) produced high levels of IL\u201033. DENV2\u2010infected mice treated with recombinant IL\u201033 developed markedly more severe disease compared with untreated mice as assessed by mortality, granulocytosis, liver damage and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine production. Conversely, ST2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice (deficient in IL\u201033 receptor) infected with DENV2 developed significantly less severe disease compared with wild\u2010type mice. Furthermore, the increased disease severity and the accompanying pathology induced by IL\u201033 during dengue infection were reversed by the simultaneous treatment with a CXCR2 receptor antagonist (DF2156A). Together, these results indicate that IL\u201033 plays a disease\u2010exacerbating role in experimental dengue infection, probably driven by CXCR2\u2010expressing cells, leading to elevated pro\u2010inflammatory response\u2010mediated pathology. Our results also indicate that IL\u201033 is a potential therapeutic target for dengue infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,11]],"date-time":"2018-08-11T09:43:10Z","timestamp":1533980590000},"page":"477-490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Interleukin\u201033 contributes to disease severity in <i>Dengue virus<\/i> infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6949-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael E.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Campinas Sao Paulo 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