{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T20:29:37Z","timestamp":1784752177828,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>The development of immunocompetent T cells entails a complex pathway of differentiation in the thymus. Thymic atrophy occurs with ageing and during conditions such as malnutrition, infections and cancer chemotherapy. The comparative changes in thymic subsets under different modes of thymic atrophy and the mechanisms involved are not well characterized. These aspects were investigated, using mice infected with Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium, injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS<\/jats:styled-content>), an inflammatory but non\u2010infectious stimulus, etoposide (Eto), a drug used to treat some cancers, and dexamethasone (Dex), a steroid used in some inflammatory diseases. The effects on the major subpopulations of thymocytes based on multicolour flow cytometry studies were, first, the CD<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2212<\/jats:sup>\u00a0CD<\/jats:styled-content>8\u2212<\/jats:sup> double\u2010negative (DN<\/jats:styled-content>) cells, mainly DN<\/jats:styled-content>2\u20134, were reduced with infection, LPS<\/jats:styled-content> and Eto treatment, but not with Dex. Second, the CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup>\u00a0CD<\/jats:styled-content>3lo<\/jats:sup> immature single\u2010positive cells (ISP<\/jats:styled-content>s) were highly sensitive to infection, LPS<\/jats:styled-content> and Eto, but not Dex. Third, treatment with LPS<\/jats:styled-content>, Eto and Dex reduced all three subpopulations of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>\u00a0CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> double\u2010positive (DP<\/jats:styled-content>) thymocytes, i.e. DP<\/jats:styled-content>1, DP<\/jats:styled-content>2 and DP<\/jats:styled-content>3, but the DP<\/jats:styled-content>3 subset was relatively more resistant during infection. Fourth, both CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> and CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> single\u2010positive (SP<\/jats:styled-content>) thymocytes were lowered by Eto and Dex, but not during infection. Notably, LPS<\/jats:styled-content> lowered CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> SP<\/jats:styled-content> subsets, whereas the CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+<\/jats:sup> SP<\/jats:styled-content> subsets were relatively more resistant. Interestingly, the reactive oxygen species quencher, N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyl cysteine, greatly improved the survival of thymocytes, especially DN<\/jats:styled-content>s, ISP<\/jats:styled-content>s and DP<\/jats:styled-content>s, during infection and LPS<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. The implications of these observations for the development of potential thymopoietic drugs are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]],"date-time":"2019-01-19T20:19:53Z","timestamp":1547929193000},"page":"21-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparative analysis of thymic subpopulations during different modes of atrophy identifies the reactive oxygen species scavenger, N<\/i>\u2010acetyl cysteine, to increase the survival of thymocytes during infection\u2010induced and lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced thymic atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Shamik","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 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