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Though immune cells can infiltrate the tumour microenvironment, cancer cells seem to evade anti\u2010tumour responses, which is one of the established hallmarks of cancer. Targeting the programmed cell death protein\u20101 (PD\u20101)\/PD\u2010L1 signalling pathway is currently at the forefront in the development of anti\u2010tumour immunity\u2010based therapies for multiple malignancies. By blocking the immune\u2010checkpoint of activated T\u2010cells, it is possible to rewire the adaptive resistance induced by the PD\u20101 ligands expressed in the tumour microenvironment. However, adverse immunotherapy\u2010modulated events could complicate the treatment of individuals with preexisting chronic inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the expression of different systemic and mucosal T\u2010cell subsets during the course of azoxymethane (AOM)\/dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)\u2010induced colitis and colitis\u2010associated CRC. In addition, we examined the expression of PD\u20101 and its ligands PD\u2010L1 and PD\u2010L2 as well as other molecular targets related to T\u2010cell exhaustion. We found a significant increase in PD\u20101 expression on all examined mucosal T\u2010cell subsets of the colon and the ileum, which correlated with disease progression. We also observed an upregulation of PD\u2010L1 and PD\u2010L2 mRNA expression throughout the AOM\/DSS regime. Blocking PD\u20101 signalling with an anti\u2010PD1 antibody did not affect the tumour burden in the AOM\/DSS\u2010treated mice, but did potentiate the weight loss in the third DSS cycle, indicating possible immune\u2010mediated toxicity. This raises a concern for patients with colitis\u2010associated CRCs and should be further investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T06:36:27Z","timestamp":1566282987000},"page":"35-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Upregulation of PD\u20101 follows tumour development in the AOM\/DSS model of inflammation\u2010induced colorectal cancer in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Yassin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen 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