{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T17:44:02Z","timestamp":1778175842729,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that is potentially pathogenic in immunosuppressed individuals and pregnant females during primary infection. The HCMV envelope glycoprotein B (gB) facilitates viral entry into all cell types and induces a potent immune response. AD\u20102 epitope is a highly conserved linear neutralizing epitope of gB and a critical target for antibodies; however, only 50% of sero\u2010positive individuals make IgG antibodies to this site and IgA responses have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to compare IgG and IgA responses against gB and the AD\u20102 epitope in naturally exposed individuals and those receiving a recombinant gB\/MF59 adjuvant vaccine. Thus, vaccination of sero\u2010positive individuals improved pre\u2010existing gB\u2010specific IgA and IgG levels and induced de novo gB\u2010specific IgA and IgG responses in sero\u2010negative recipients. Pre\u2010existing AD\u20102 IgG and IgA responses were boosted with vaccination, but de novo AD\u20102 responses were not detected. Naturally exposed individuals had dominant IgG responses towards gB and AD\u20102 compared with weaker and variable IgA responses, although a significant IgA binding response to AD\u20102 was observed within human breastmilk samples. All antibodies binding AD\u20102 contained kappa light chains, whereas balanced kappa\/lambda light chain usage was found for those binding to gB. V region\u2010matched AD\u20102\u2010specific recombinant IgG and IgA bound both to gB and to AD\u20102 and neutralized HCMV infection in vitro. Overall, these results indicate that although human IgG responses dominate, IgA class antibodies against AD\u20102 are a significant component of human milk, which may function to protect neonates from HCMV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T07:47:28Z","timestamp":1607327248000},"page":"314-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["IgA binds to the AD\u20102 epitope of glycoprotein B and neutralizes human cytomegalovirus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Saima","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre London Metropolitan University London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hackl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research 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