{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:44:33Z","timestamp":1790837073717,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 AI120756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 AI120756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI060354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI060354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DE026327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DE026327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AI145678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI145678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Granulocytes mediate broad immunoprotection through phagocytosis, extracellular traps, release of cytotoxic granules, antibody effector functions and recruitment of other immune cells against pathogens. However, descriptions of granulocytes in HIV infection and mucosal tissues are limited. Our goal was to characterize granulocyte subsets in systemic, mucosal and lymphoid tissues during lentiviral infection using the rhesus macaque (RM) model. Mononuclear cells from jejunum, colon, cervix, vagina, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and whole blood from experimentally na\u00efve and chronically SHIVsf162p3\u2010infected RM were analysed by microscopy and polychromatic flow cytometry. Granulocytes were identified using phenotypes designed specifically for RM: eosinophils\u2014CD45\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0CD66\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0CD49d\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; neutrophils\u2014CD45\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0CD66\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0CD14\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; and basophils\u2014CD45\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0CD123\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0FcR\u03b5\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Nuclear visualization with DAPI staining and surface marker images by ImageStream (cytometry\/microscopy) further confirmed granulocytic phenotypes. Flow cytometric data showed that all RM granulocytes expressed CD32 (FcR\u03b3II) but did not express CD16 (FcR\u03b3III). Additionally, constitutive expression of CD64 (FcR\u03b3I) on neutrophils and FcR\u03b5 on basophils indicates the differential expression of Fc receptors on granulocyte subsets. Granulocytic subsets in na\u00efve whole blood ranged from 25\u00b74% to 81\u00b75% neutrophils, 0\u00b759% to 13\u00b73% eosinophils and 0\u00b7059% to 1\u00b78% basophils. Interestingly, elevated frequencies of circulating neutrophils, colorectal neutrophils and colorectal eosinophils were all observed in chronic lentiviral disease. Conversely, circulating basophils, jejunal eosinophils, vaginal neutrophils and vaginal eosinophils of SHIVsf162p3\u2010infected RM declined in frequency. Overall, our data suggest modulation of granulocytes in chronic lentiviral infection, most notably in the gastrointestinal mucosae where a significant inflammation and disruption occurs in lentivirus\u2010induced disease. Furthermore, granulocytes may migrate to inflamed tissues during infection and could serve as targets of immunotherapeutic intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T11:44:47Z","timestamp":1622029487000},"page":"348-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Systemic and mucosal mobilization of granulocyte subsets during lentiviral infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Rhianna","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cordelia","family":"Manickam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Kroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brady","family":"Hueber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Griffin","family":"Woolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spandan V.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Varner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3157-2557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Keith","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard Cambridge MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-844530"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-016-8876-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-017-2763-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-453217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.1MR1117-442RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract and their role in the pathogenesis of major colorectal disorders [Internet]. [cited 2021 May 12]. Available from:https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007\u20109327\/full\/v25\/i27\/3503.htm","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i27.3503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8525-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0045-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 and polymorphonuclear neutrophils","volume":"6","author":"Casulli S","year":"2014","journal-title":"JIN"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-018-0370-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-016-8862-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-744441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0032-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0320(20001101)41:3<193::AID-CYTO6>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"889","article-title":"Phagocytic activity in human immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 infection","volume":"12","author":"Pugliese A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199804000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.1TA1117-431RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0209082"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Neutropenia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection","volume":"166","author":"Levine AM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462001914832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0903415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2014.893301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7734"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.150425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.13.5.7576698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2607-z"}],"container-title":["Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imm.13376","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/imm.13376","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imm.13376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T04:11:22Z","timestamp":1693282282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imm.13376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imm.13376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.13376","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.03.19.436235","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0019-2805","1365-2567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-2805","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}