{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:55:27Z","timestamp":1787064927543,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently thought to arise by interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Infections in general trigger autoimmune responses causing clinical manifestations of disease. However, as a result of regulatory T (Treg)\u2010 and regulatory B (Breg)\u2010cell induction, helminth infections tend to dampen disease activity. IL\u201035, the newest member of the IL\u201012 family, is an inhibitory cytokine composed of an EBI3\u03b2 chain subunit, and an IL\u201012p35 subunit. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL\u201035 during parasite infections occurring in individuals with MS. Numbers of IL\u201035\u2010producing Breg cells are higher in CSF from helminth\u2010infected than from uninfected MS subjects, a finding associated with decreased MRI disease activity. Interestingly, stimulation of CD19\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    B cells with IL\u201035 promotes conversion of these cells to Breg cells producing both IL\u201035 and IL\u201010. Coculture of B cells from helminth\u2010infected MS patients inhibits proliferation of Th1 and Th17 myelin peptide\u2010specific T cells, as well as production of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201017. Following activation, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD25\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Treg cells significantly upregulate expression of\n                    <jats:italic>EBI3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>IL<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:italic>12p35<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA. Furthermore, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD25\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells activated in the presence of IL\u201035 induce a population of cells with regulatory function, known as iTR35. Finally, B cells from normal individuals cultured in vitro in the presence of the helminth antigen SEA increase expression of the transcription BATF, IRF4 and IRF8, acquiring a pattern similar to that of IL\u201035 Breg cells. These data highlight the important immunoregulatory effects of IL\u201035 on both Breg and Treg cells, observed in helminth\u2010infected MS subjects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T03:36:43Z","timestamp":1625197003000},"page":"569-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Interleukin\u201035 is a critical regulator of immunity during helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4756-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Correale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neurological Research Dr Ra\u00fal Carrea Fleni Department of Neurology Buenos Aires 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