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RA has a prevalence of approximately 1% of the population worldwide. A vicious circle between two critical immune cell types, B cells and neutrophils, develops and promotes disease. Pathogenic anti\u2010citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) directed against a range of citrullinated epitopes are abundant in both plasma and synovial fluid of RA patients. In addition to stimulating numerous cell types, ACPA and other autoantibodies, notably rheumatoid factor, form immune complexes (ICs) that potently activate neutrophils. Attracted to the synovium by abundant chemokines, neutrophils are locally stimulated by ICs. They generate cytokines and release cytotoxic compounds including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), strands of decondensed chromatin decorated with citrullinated histones and granule\u2010derived neutrophil proteins, which are particularly abundant in the synovial fluid. In this way, neutrophils generate citrullinated epitopes and release peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes capable of citrullinating extracellular proteins in the rheumatic joint, contributing to renewed ACPA generation. This review article focusses on the central function of citrullination, a post\u2010translational modification of arginine residues in RA. The discussion includes ACPA and related autoantibodies, somatic hypermutation\u2010mediated escape from negative selection by autoreactive B cells, promotion of the dominance of citrullinated antigens by genetic and lifestyle susceptibility factors and the vicious circle between ACPA\u2010producing pathogenic B cells and NET\u2010producing neutrophils in RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T08:57:02Z","timestamp":1630659422000},"page":"689-700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Crosstalk between B cells and neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5323-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Utsa","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation Research Institute for Regeneration and 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