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In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID\u201019, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty\u2010seven COVID\u201019 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID\u201019 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA\u2010DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID\u201019 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)\u201012, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, and IL\u20108, accompanied by a reduction in IL\u201017A and NOx. IL\u201010\u00a0levels \u226514\u00a0pg\/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78\u00b73% and a specificity of 79\u00b71%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID\u201019, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL\u201010 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T04:35:14Z","timestamp":1644554114000},"page":"481-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The relationship between peripheral immune response and disease severity in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010infected subjects: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3957-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Otto","family":"Walter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra Chiappin","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Analysis Flow Cytometry Service University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00cdris Mattos","family":"Santos\u2010Pirath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Analysis Flow Cytometry Service University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heloisa Zorzi","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Analysis Flow Cytometry Service University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Gartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Werle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduarda Talita Bramorski","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9921-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Salvan","family":"da Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9268-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Felisberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1228-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iara Fabricia","family":"Kretzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Department Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivete Ioshiko","family":"Masukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Service University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil"},{"name":"Infectious Disease Service Nereu Ramos Hospital. 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