{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:52:33Z","timestamp":1787014353586,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206206\/Z\/17\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206206\/Z\/17\/"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100974\/C\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100974\/C\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220876\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220876\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Intestinal macrophages play a vital role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis through signals derived from the microbiota. We previously demonstrated that microbial\u2010derived metabolites can shape the metabolic functions of macrophages. Here, we show that antibiotic\u2010induced disruption of the intestinal microbiota dramatically alters both the local metabolite environment and the metabolic functions of macrophages in the colon. Broad\u2010spectrum antibiotic administration in mice increased the expression of the large neutral amino acid transporter LAT1 and accordingly, amino acid uptake. Subsequently, antibiotic administration enhanced the metabolic functions of colonic macrophages, increasing phosphorylation of components of mammalian\/mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling pathways, with increased expression of genes involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), increased mitochondrial function, increased rate of extracellular acidification (ECAR; measure of glycolysis) and increased rate of oxygen consumption (OCR; measure of OXPHOS). Small bowel macrophages were less metabolically active than their colonic counterparts, with macrophage metabolism in the small intestine being independent of the microbiota. Finally, we reveal tissue\u2010resident Tim4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    macrophages exhibit enhanced fatty acid uptake alongside reduced fatty acid synthesis compared to recruited macrophages. Thus, the microbiota shapes gut macrophage metabolism in a compartment\u2010specific manner, with important implications for monocyte recruitment and macrophage differentiation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T04:26:55Z","timestamp":1645676815000},"page":"138-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Macrophage metabolism in the intestine is compartment specific and regulated by the microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3161-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A. E.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Gut Microbes &amp; Health Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research Park  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan James","family":"Hodgetts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gw\u00e9na\u00eblle","family":"Le Gall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gut Microbes &amp; Health Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research Park  Norwich UK"},{"name":"ZIEL \u2013 Institute for Food &amp; Health Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0803-0357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200519229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxq449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-249540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.158.3.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151570"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2426138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0842-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0332-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao4755"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04366-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Some biochemical aspects of the immune macrophage","volume":"51","author":"Hard GC","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.144.6.1484"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2420631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6960-9_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1075-9964(03)00060-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1111537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1237"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"118604","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic requirement to maintain the M2\u2010like polarization of tumor\u2010associated macrophages. 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