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Increased incidence of T1D was reported in patients receiving IFN\u2010\u03b1 treatment. However, the exact mechanisms of IFN\u2010\u03b1 that facilitate the pathogenesis of T1D are not fully understood. To explore the mechanism of IFN\u2010\u03b1 on the immune system and islets, non\u2010obese diabetic (NOD) mice were injected with IFN\u2010\u03b1 and the progression of autoimmune insulitis was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analysis. Transcriptional profiling of islets treated with IFN\u2010\u03b1 was explored by RNA\u2010seq. IFN\u2010\u03b1 induced antigen presentation was evaluated by qRT\u2010PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence, and key transcription factors were inhibited by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Our data show that IFN\u2010\u03b1 contributed to the progression of autoimmune insulitis in NOD mice by promoting the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. IFN\u2010\u03b1 upregulated antigen presentation related genes MHC I, TAP1, B2M, PSMB8, NLRC5 and transcriptional regulator STAT1, STAT2, IRF7 at a time and dose\u2010dependent manner. The silence of STAT1 or STAT2 both weakened IFN\u2010\u03b1\u2010induced increase of antigen presenting related molecules. IRF7 was also merely influenced by STAT1 silence. The knockdown of IRF7 decreased the IFN\u2010\u03b1 induced expressions of TAP1, PSMB8 and MHC I and prevented the expression of STAT2 but not STAT1. Our study demonstrated that STAT1\u2010IRF7\u2010MHC I complex axis were crucial for IFN\u2010\u03b1 signalling in islets, and created positive feedback through IRF7\u2010STAT2 cascade amplifying signals which accelerated the process of T1D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T13:40:41Z","timestamp":1647524441000},"page":"210-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Interferon\u2010\u03b1 promotes MHC I antigen presentation of islet \u03b2\u00a0cells through STAT1\u2010IRF7 pathway in type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9285-4887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 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