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Recently, great progress has been made in determining the origin, distribution, features and functions of retinal microglia and in identifying their roles in retinal diseases. In the retinal microenvironment, microglia constantly monitor changes in their surroundings and maintain balanced functions by communicating with other retinal cells. When disturbed, activated microglia may kill degenerated neurons and photoreceptors through phagocytosis and exacerbate retinal injury by producing multiple proinflammatory mediators. Numerous animal studies and in situ analyses of human tissue have shown that retinal microglia are involved in multiple retinal diseases. The functions and mechanisms of activated microglia in retinal disorders are gradually being elucidated. Increasing evidence points towards the dual roles of microglia in the retina and they are regulated by many factors. How to inhibit the detrimental effects of microglia and promote beneficial effects are worth studying. This review focuses primarily on the features and functions of microglia and how they participate in retinal diseases based on existing research findings. We also discuss current opinions about microglial transdifferentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T09:11:03Z","timestamp":1649668263000},"page":"268-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Retinal microglia: Functions and diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Eye Institute  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated 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