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The intrinsic anti\u2010CMV immunity has not been completely elucidated. \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cells have drawn increasing attentions due to their distinct biological features and potential ability against viral infections. Previous studies reported a general association of \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cells or V\u03b42\u2010negative \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cells with CMV reactivation. Whereas researches for the direct responses and specific functions of \u03b3\u03b4 T subsets remain limited, especially in the scenario of alloHCT. Herein, we initially demonstrated that V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells directly and independently recognized cell\u2010free CMV and CMV\u2010infected target cells, and inhibited CMV replication in vitro. The anti\u2010CMV effect of V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells was partially through TCR\u03b3\u03b4, TLR2 and NKG2D receptor pathways. Further investigation about the anti\u2010CMV characteristics of V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells was performed in a clinical cohort with different CMV reactivation status after alloHCT. We found that occasional CMV reactivation remarkably increased the recovery levels and stimulated the functional activity of V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells. Whereas disability of V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells was observed upon refractory CMV reactivation indicating the differential responses of V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells under different CMV reactivation status. CXCL10 and IFN\u2010\u03b2 that were dramatically induced by occasional CMV reactivation could re\u2010activate the deficient V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells from recipients with refractory CMV reactivation. These findings unveiled the distinct activities of V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells in anti\u2010CMV immunity after alloHCT and may help develop novel strategies for the treatment of CMV infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T06:29:44Z","timestamp":1657175384000},"page":"368-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Distinct activities of V\u03b41<sup>+<\/sup> T\u2010cells upon different cytomegalovirus reactivation status after haematopoietic transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Ruoyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"},{"name":"Peking\u2010Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keli","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianhui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan\u2010Ping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6437-4330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation  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