{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:00:32Z","timestamp":1772787632953,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009053","name":"The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA\/E\/16\/1\/503016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA\/E\/16\/1\/503016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interleukin (IL)\u20109 is an emerging player in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases including bone disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis. Recently, IL\u20109 was shown to enhance the osteoclast formation and their function in RA. However, the mechanisms by which IL\u20109 influences osteoclastogenesis are not known. Therefore, in this study we aimed to unravel the direct and indirect ways by which IL\u20109 can influence osteoclast formation. We used mouse bone marrow precursor cells for checking the effect of IL\u20109 on osteoclast differentiation and its function. Next, IL\u20109 induced signalling pathway were checked in the process of osteoclastogenesis. T cells play an important role in enhancing osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory conditions. We used splenic T cells to understand the impact of IL\u20109 on the functions of T effector (Teff) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, the effect of IL\u20109 mediated modulation of the T cell response on osteoclasts was checked using a coculture model of T cells with osteoclast precursors. We showed that IL\u20109 enhanced osteoclast formation and its function. We found that IL\u20109 activates STAT3, P38 MAPK, ERK1\/2, NF\u03baB and we hypothesize that it mediates the effect on osteoclastogenesis by accelerating mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, IL\u20109 was observed to facilitate the functions of pro\u2010osteoclastogenic IL\u201017 producing T cells, but inhibits the function of anti\u2010osteoclastogenic Treg cells. Our observations suggest that IL\u20109 can influence osteoclastogenesis directly by modulating the signalling cascade in the precursor cells; indirectly by enhancing IL\u201017 producing T cells and by reducing the functions of Treg cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T02:53:33Z","timestamp":1675392813000},"page":"309-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mechanistic insight of interleukin\u20109 induced osteoclastogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"169","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0255-9532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushmita","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipendra Kumar","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3739-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina F.","family":"Kubatzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Heidelberg University  Heidelberg 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