{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:59:45Z","timestamp":1780880385299,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009873","name":"Regione Autonoma della Sardegna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ex 60%"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ex 60%"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are distinct gastrointestinal disorders.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    subspecies\n                    <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MAP) is implicated in IBD pathogenesis, while the roles of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are under investigation. We aimed (a) to investigate whether the levels of humoral response to MAP\u20103865c, HERV\u2010K envelope and HERV\u2010W envelope against the epitopes in IBD\/IBS patients; (b) to determine the frequency of micronuclei in IBD patients and (c) to evaluate the possible correlation between genomic damage and humoral response. This study investigates antibody titres against MAP 3865c, HERV\u2010K env and HERV\u2010W env in plasma from 102 IBD, 20 IBS patients and 92 healthy controls (HCs). Micronuclei (MNi) frequency in IBD patients is assessed, correlating with humoral responses and patient genotype profiles. IBD patients exhibited elevated antibody responses to MAP 3865c, with those carrying the GA genotype for TNF\u2010\u03b1 showing higher anti\u2010MAP 3865c IgG levels. A significant positive correlation was observed between MNi frequency and the humoral response against MAP 3865c in IBD patients. Higher antibody responses to HERV\u2010K env were detected in both IBD and IBS patients compared to HCs, with significant positive correlations found between MAP 3865c and HERV\u2010K env peptide responses in IBD patients. HERV\u2010W env antibody levels were higher in IBS patients than in HCs. Our findings highlight the association between UC and CD and immune responses targeting MAP and HERV\u2010Kenv. Specific genetic profiles may exacerbate inflammation, potentially amplifying genetic damage observed in IBD patients, as indicated by MNi frequencies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T10:21:15Z","timestamp":1743848475000},"page":"417-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Subsp.\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>paratuberculosis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and Human Endogenous Retrovirus in Italian Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (\n                    <scp>IBD<\/scp>\n                    ) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (\n                    <scp>IBS<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5478-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Ruberto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"},{"name":"Environmental Factors in Degenerative Diseases Research Group Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Santovito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin  Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0529-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian P.","family":"Caviglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin  Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Noli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0557-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Cossu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari  Sassari Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide 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