{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:58:50Z","timestamp":1778540330810,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CF\u20102019\u201021082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF\u20102019\u201021082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> serovar Typhimurium (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Tm) can colonise different intracellular niches, either actively dividing or remaining dormant to persist. Bacterial persisters are phenotypic variants that temporarily enter a nonreplicative state. This allows them to evade host cell defences and antibiotics, leading to chronic infections. We previously reported that during chronic periods, <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> remains within B cells in the bone marrow and spleen. However, the dynamics of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> replication and the formation of antibiotic tolerance in infected B cells have not been studied. Here we show that B cells are a favourable reservoir for bacterial persistence. In\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo experiments identified non\u2010replicating, persistent <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> subsets in splenic B cells. These non\u2010replicative <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> are tolerant to antibiotics (cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin), while replicative bacteria remain susceptible. Infected mice demonstrated viable, nonreplicative <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> in spleen B cells, maintaining antibiotic tolerance. Although acid intravacuolar pH and SPI\u20102 regulators (SsrA\/SsrB) are not necessary for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> persistence in B cells, the SehA\/B and RelE\/B toxin\u2010antitoxin system facilitates the formation of the persistent phenotype in <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>. Overall, we show that B cells are a reservoir for nonreplicating, antibiotic\u2010tolerant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T08:35:02Z","timestamp":1744619702000},"page":"292-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["B Cells as a Host of Persistent <scp><i>Salmonella Typhimurium<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Alonso D.","family":"Cruz\u2010Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular CINVESTAV  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda del Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular CINVESTAV  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn C.","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular CINVESTAV  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana Z.","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular CINVESTAV  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producci\u00f3n y Salud animal en la Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Galicia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular CINVESTAV  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6546-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vianney","family":"Ortiz\u2010Navarrete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular CINVESTAV  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244705"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.3937-3944.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2009.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286\u20104579(01)01478\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00614"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.3.771-781.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200415"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11132061"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033220"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10409239009090615"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.MR0618-225R"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151969"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1509664"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00065-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120163297"}],"container-title":["Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imm.13928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T06:01:11Z","timestamp":1748930471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imm.13928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imm.13928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.13928","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-2805","1365-2567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-2805","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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