{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:00:45Z","timestamp":1791000045693,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traditional DNA vaccines, typically administered via intramuscular injection with electroporation (IM\u2010E), often cause discomfort and require trained personnel. Addressing these challenges, we developed multivalent DNA vaccines targeting both intracellular mature virion (IMV) and extracellular enveloped virion (EEV) proteins of the monkeypox virus (MPXV), designated as M2 (A29L, B6R), M3 (A29L, B6R, M1R) and M4 (A29L, B6R, M1R, A35R). These vaccine constructs were formulated into dissolvable microneedle array patches (D\u2010MAPs) for intradermal delivery. Comparative studies in mice demonstrated that D\u2010MAPs achieved approximately 70% delivery efficiency and elicited robust humoral immune responses in mice, including antigen\u2010specific IgG and cross\u2010neutralising antibodies against MPXV, VACV and ECTV\u2014comparable to those induced by IM\u2010E. Furthermore, D\u2010MAP immunisation induced stronger T cell responses, particularly in the draining lymph nodes. Importantly, the multivalent DNA vaccines\u2014especially M3 and M4\u2014conferred substantial protection against lethal VACV\u2010WR challenge, achieving levels of protection comparable to the traditional replication\u2010competent smallpox vaccine TianTan (VTT), with significant viral suppression and mitigation of pathological damage. Collectively, this study provided valuable insights for the development of innovative MPXV DNA vaccines, highlighting a minimally invasive and suitable for field application with D\u2010MAP with broad potential for combating mpox outbreaks and future orthopoxvirus pandemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T23:30:01Z","timestamp":1756855801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microneedle\u2010Delivered Multivalent MPXV DNA Vaccines Induce Promising Immunity Profiles and Cross\u2010Protection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Yawei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commissions National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueting","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commissions National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commissions National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixiao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advaccine Biopharmaceutics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commissions National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commissions National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commissions National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commissions National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advaccine Biopharmaceutics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advaccine Biopharmaceutics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5963-1136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Health Commissions National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101710","article-title":"Global Monkeypox Case Hospitalisation Rates: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"54","author":"DeWitt M. 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