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However, growing evidence suggests that the immune system plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. The role of alterations in the T cell receptor (TCR) clonal repertoire in LDH and their correlation with neurological recovery was investigated in this study. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess T cell infiltration in nucleus pulposus tissue from patients with LDH, while TCR immune repertoire sequencing was conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells to examine TCR clonal diversity and gene rearrangement patterns. The results revealed a significant reduction in TCR clonal diversity in patients with LDH, with selective expansion of specific V, J, and VDJ gene segments indicating abnormal clonal proliferation of certain T cell subsets. Furthermore, local CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.5193;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0039) and TCR\u03b3\u03b4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.6137;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) T cell densities were positively correlated with Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, whereas white blood cell (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.3861;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0351) and neutrophil counts (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.4243;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0194) were negatively correlated with JOA scores. This study highlights the immunological characteristics of TCR repertoire alterations in LDH and suggests that TCR clonal profiling could serve as a potential biomarker for personalized immunotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.70040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T03:21:32Z","timestamp":1758770492000},"page":"199-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u03b3\u03b4 T Cell Infiltration Predicts the Prognosis of Lumbar Disc Herniation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Department of Neuroscience The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Brain Diseases, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen 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Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanbin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Department of 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