{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:41:32Z","timestamp":1789656092191,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U25A20711,32473002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U25A20711,32473002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Metabolic reprogramming induced by viral infections plays a key role in shaping the efficacy and durability of the host's adaptive immune response. Notably, metabolic reprogramming not only directly governs the differentiation fates of functional subgroups, such as Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg\u00a0and cytotoxic T cells, but also contributes to supportive immune responses and T\u2010cell exhaustion mediated by metabolic disorders in the context of acute and chronic infections, respectively. Moreover, the metabolic reprogramming of B cells precisely regulates their germinal centre response, plasma cell differentiation and antibody production, thereby modulating the intensity and quality of humoral immunity. Beyond these direct effects, viruses indirectly impair the functionality of T and B cells by altering the metabolic status of innate immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. This review summarises the recent advances of regulatory mechanisms regarding metabolic characteristics of T cells and B cells at various statuses, including rest, activation, differentiation and memory, and discusses immune intervention strategies targeting glycolysis, glutamine\u00a0and lipid metabolism, and outlines future research directions and clinical translation potential of metabolic reprogramming. A comprehensive understanding of virus\u2010mediated metabolic reprogramming will provide an important theoretical basis for the development of new antiviral therapies and immunotherapy strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T06:10:33Z","timestamp":1766729433000},"page":"674-685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Metabolic Reprogramming of Adaptive Immunity Induced by Viral Infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Guoshuai","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High\u2010Containment Facilities for Animal Disease Control and Prevention National African Swine Fever Para\u2010Reference Laboratory, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Harbin 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