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The aim of this study was to review the current body of knowledge on HIV\u20101 Gag CTL epitopes in the southern African region where subtype C is prevalent. Peer\u2010reviewed records were obtained from three databases: PubMed Central, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus, using the following search terms: HIV subtype C Gag epitopes, and HIV clade C Gag epitopes. The search results were restricted to countries within the southern African region, and only data published in English and between the years 2000\u20132025 were considered for this review. The search from the three databases produced a total of 2103 peer\u2010reviewed records, and 49 records were included in the review. The majority of studies (58.44%) were conducted in South Africa, followed by Botswana (15.58%), Zambia (10.39%), Malawi (7.79%), Zimbabwe (6.49%) and Angola (1.30%). There were no studies identified from other southern African countries. A total of 60 Gag CTL epitopes were identified, of which 17 (28.33%) were located within the matrix protein (p17), 33 (55.00%) within the capsid protein (p24), and 4 (6.67%) within the Gag polyprotein (p2p7p1p6). The commonly detected immunodominant epitopes were mostly located within the Gag p24 protein; and included TPQDLNTML (TL9, Gag p24 48\u201356) and TSTLQEQIGW (TW10, Gag p24 108\u2013117) present at 16.00% and 13.3%, respectively. The proportion of HLA\u2010A, B and C allotypes in this systematic review were 18%, 78%, and 4%, respectively. The more common HLA\u2010B allotypes that restrict immunodominant Gag epitopes and facilitate better control of HIV\u20101 were HLA\u2010B*57, \u2010B*58:01, \u2010B*42:01 and \u2010B*81:01. This systematic review has provided important insights into the description of immunodominant Gag epitopes and HLA\u2010I alleles that contribute to the control of HIV\u20101 viraemia in the southern African region. It has also exposed that some CTL epitopes identified in the southern African studies are not reported on the Los Alamos HIV database (LANL HIV database). This highlights a need to have this database updated with this information as it is used as a reference for epitopes. This review could provide insights into the design of an epitope\u2010based HIV\u20101 vaccine that would also be effective in the southern African region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.70156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T02:35:18Z","timestamp":1780281318000},"page":"165-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterisation of\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 Gag Cytotoxic T\u2010Lymphocyte Epitopes in the Southern African Region\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Tumelo L.","family":"Fortuin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Virology University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paballo","family":"Nkone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waterlab (Pty) 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