{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:17:25Z","timestamp":1787883445091,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010428","name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ITS\/111\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITS\/111\/24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hypervirulent\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (hv\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) infection often induces sepsis characterised by remarkable phenotypic and functional diversity among neutrophils. However, the roles of distinct lung neutrophil compartments involved in hv\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection remain poorly understood. Here, utilising single\u2010cell RNA sequencing, we identified four neutrophil subsets in the lungs of hv\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected mice: N1, N2, N3a, and N3b, which were organised along a maturation trajectory. Functionally, early\u2010stage subsets exhibited proinflammatory and phagocytic activities with high levels of activation, whereas terminal subsets displayed enhanced pathogen sensing and immunoregulatory properties. Notably, the N3b population showed pronounced immunosuppressive features and was predicted to inhibit lymphocyte responses through Lgals9 and Ceacam1 ligands, potentially associated with hv\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010induced lymphopenia. Projection onto NeuMap further validated the functional states of identified subsets, linking N1 to proliferative programmes, N2 to granules and hypoxia\u2010associated metabolic activity, N3a to antigen\u2010presentation signatures and N3b to immunosuppressive hubs. Morphologically, N3a\/b were predicted to be enriched for segmented neutrophils, consistent with a more mature phenotype compared with N1 and N2. Notably, segmented neutrophils were markedly expanded in infected lungs, suggesting their association with hv\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenesis. Together, our findings delineate the lung neutrophil landscape in hv\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010induced sepsis, providing insights for understanding hv\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenesis and developing targeted therapeutic interventions at a neutrophil subset level.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:46:56Z","timestamp":1787881616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Atlas Reveals Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Hypervirulent\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Infection\u2010Induced Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3782-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4394-4987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7746-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9346-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohana Akter","family":"Mina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianling","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8965-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaochen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3526-7808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2131-8435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00078\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054\u2010024\u201005099\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010023\u201001490\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590\u2010020\u20100736\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aay6017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2859"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010025\u201009807\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.981784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102249.2005.02840.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.96882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1306\u20101315.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28770"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI15643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577\u2010019\u20100141\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102016\u2010313535"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0968051907086464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046\u2010015\u20100256\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1628913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2016.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13848"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201021099\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.260768"}],"container-title":["Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imm.70193","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/imm.70193","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imm.70193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:46:57Z","timestamp":1787881617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imm.70193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imm.70193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.70193","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-2805","1365-2567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-2805","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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