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Neural structures infiltrate the tumour microenvironment and communicate with immune cells, influencing key processes such as tumour growth, invasion, and metastatic spread. Through neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and continuous signalling between peripheral tissues and the brain, nerves affect immune cell recruitment, activity, and overall immune balance. Factors including psychological stress, circadian rhythm disturbances, and gut\u2013brain communication further shape antitumour immune responses, highlighting the complexity of these interactions. Research suggests that neuronal signalling not only contributes to cancer\u2010associated symptoms, such as pain, but also affects the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Neural biomarkers may provide prognostic value, while interventions targeting neural pathways could strengthen anticancer immunity. Nevertheless, major challenges remain, including cellular heterogeneity, dynamic spatial and temporal interactions, and the limitations of existing experimental models. Continued progress in molecular techniques, bioinformatics, and cross\u2010disciplinary research will be crucial for clarifying these mechanisms. Investigating the neuro\u2013immune\u2013cancer interface offers significant potential for developing innovative treatment approaches that combine neuroscience, immunology, and oncology to enhance patient survival and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.70210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:25:26Z","timestamp":1792369526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuro\u2010Immune Interactions in the Tumour Microenvironment: Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6903-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"T. 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