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The majority of deaths occur in sub\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    aharan\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    frica where rates of opportunistic co\u2010infections are disproportionately high. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of five common infections that cause significant morbidity in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010infected patients globally. These include co\u2010infection with\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ycobacterium tuberculosis\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ryptococcus neoformans\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      lasmodium falciparum\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    . Specifically, we review the natural history of each co\u2010infection in the setting of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the specific immune defects induced by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    on the immune response to the co\u2010infection, the pathogenesis of immune restoration disease (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) associated with each infection, and advances in the areas of prevention of each co\u2010infection via vaccination. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and gaps in knowledge for future research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]],"date-time":"2013-06-16T21:54:41Z","timestamp":1371419681000},"page":"114-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["<scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    and co\u2010infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"254","author":[{"given":"Christina C.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Center for Biomedicine Burnet Institute Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Center for Biomedicine Burnet Institute Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JingLing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedicine Burnet Institute Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Infection Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick Australia"},{"name":"Prince of Wales Clinical School University of New South Wales Randwick Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Infection Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Infection Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Prince of Wales Clinical School University of New South Wales Randwick Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Jaworowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Center for Biomedicine Burnet Institute Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Monash University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyn A.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Western Australia Perth Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Royal Perth Hospital and PathWest Laboratory Medicine Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon R.","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Center for Biomedicine Burnet Institute Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Tuberculosis Report 2012. 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