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However, since tumors originate from normal cells and evolve within the context of self\u2010tissues, the immune mechanisms that prevent the autoimmune attack of normal tissues function in parallel to restrict anti\u2010tumor immunity. In particular, the purging of autoreactive T cells and the development of immune\u2010suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) are thought to be major barriers impeding anti\u2010tumor immune responses. Here, we discuss current understanding regarding the antigens recognized by tumor\u2010infiltrating T\u2010cell populations, the mechanisms that shape the repertoire of these cells, and the role of the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (Aire) in these processes. Further elucidation of these principles is likely to be critical for optimizing emerging cancer immunotherapies, and for the rational design of novel therapies exhibiting robust anti\u2010tumor activity with limited toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T07:12:07Z","timestamp":1397027527000},"page":"245-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Shaping the repertoire of tumor\u2010infiltrating effector and regulatory T cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Savage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Leventhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Chicago Chicago IL 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