{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:06:15Z","timestamp":1791295575944,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI084041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI084041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI051242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI051242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>), is an intracellular pathogen of mononuclear phagocytes. Although <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> has traditionally been thought to survive and replicate in macrophages, recent work in our laboratory and others has revealed that <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infects multiple subsets of mononuclear phagocytes <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In experimental animals, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infects no fewer than five distinct cell subsets in the lungs, including resident alveolar macrophages and 4 types of cells that recruited to the lungs in response to inflammatory signals: neutrophils, monocytes, interstitial macrophages, and dendritic cells. A characteristic of the adaptive immune response in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> is that it is delayed for several weeks following infection, and we have determined that this delay is due to prolonged residence of the bacteria in lung phagocytes prior to acquisition of the bacteria by dendritic cells. Among the mechanisms used by <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> to delay acquisition by dendritic cells is to inhibit apoptosis of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils, which sequester the bacteria and prevent their acquisition by dendritic cells in the early stages of infection. We hypothesize that each infected cell subset makes a distinct contribution to the overall biology of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and allows the bacteria to evade elimination by T\u2010cell responses and to avoid rapid killing by antimycobacterial drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T12:22:20Z","timestamp":1413375740000},"page":"179-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["Beyond macrophages: the diversity of mononuclear cells in tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Smita","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Pathology New York University School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Pathology New York University School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovic","family":"Desvignes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Pathology New York University School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"The role of the monocyte in tuberculosis","volume":"37","author":"Cunningham RS","year":"1925","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.46.4.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.6.3128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80149-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/385640a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80438-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.4410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.19.3.2815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.131207398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.5946-5954.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40817"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01680.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.091096998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.8.4385-4392.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13489"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-12-077917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35085034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.42.5.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3488"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.1.298-304.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.134.3.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.4592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00042-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Some clinical features of tuberculosis. 1. Incubation period","volume":"24","author":"Poulsen A","year":"1950","journal-title":"Acta Tuberc Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4501-4509.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1904"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080353"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.158.3.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.2.600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.8.1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5508.1544"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1129577"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.10.6272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.4.2042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.9.4750"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.1.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.3019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.3187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6603-6614.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.7157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00458-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1781"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1635213100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.3268"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2009.01301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132703"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095939"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.3.1416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.2.788"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1744-1753.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110919"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.07.009"}],"container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fimr.12217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imr.12217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T14:45:53Z","timestamp":1694443553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imr.12217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imr.12217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12217","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-2896","1600-065X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-2896","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-065X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]}}}