{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:56:26Z","timestamp":1791276986437,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monocytes are part of the vertebrate innate immune system. Blood monocytes are produced by bone marrow and splenic progenitors that derive from hematopoietic stem cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>s). In cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>s proliferate at higher levels that in turn increase production of hematopoietic cells, including monocytes. Once produced in hematopoietic niches, monocytes intravasate blood vessels, circulate, and migrate to sites of inflammation. Monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic plaque and the ischemic heart depends on various chemokines, such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL<\/jats:styled-content>2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CX<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>1, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL<\/jats:styled-content>5. Once in tissue, monocytes can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells. Macrophages are end effector cells that regulate the steady state and tissue healing, but they can also promote disease. At sites of inflammation, monocytes and macrophages produce inflammatory cytokines, which can exacerbate disease progression. Macrophages can also phagocytose tissue debris and produce pro\u2010healing cytokines. Additionally, macrophages are antigen\u2010presenting cells and can prime T cells. The tissue environment, including cytokines and types of inflammation, instructs macrophage specialization. Understanding monocytosis and its consequences in disease will reveal new therapeutic opportunities without compromising steady state functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T12:22:20Z","timestamp":1413375740000},"page":"167-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Regulation and consequences of monocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Partha","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Nahrendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142883"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-235028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3073"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1252510"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2705"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303204"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070885"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.303567"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178331"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081385"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2638"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3062"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09135"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07815"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402492"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3589"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101643"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11260"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101688"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-253534"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10160"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10783"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11885"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02040"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12984"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210764"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00419-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132557"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.5.1298"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90660-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00016-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2004.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.08.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000116"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230719"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28549"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29950"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.061986"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3258"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1189731"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57559"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.301086"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-013-0354-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.001093"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06685"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240636"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175202"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.227454"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3070"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00171-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01323"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10146"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1990440"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.12.5252"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/29788"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3520"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.745091"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI13005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.300576"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","unstructured":"The top 10 causes of death.World Health Organization2014http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs310\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1200164"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403259101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511043103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38911"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2205"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43802"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300290110"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036814"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72181"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230719"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10653"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00434-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01721-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230721"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319451"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319246"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24335"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3071"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29881"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05894"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2675"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.213850"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00057"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601824"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.5.1578"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81081-8"}],"container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fimr.12219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imr.12219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T14:46:00Z","timestamp":1694443560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imr.12219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imr.12219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12219","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-2896","1600-065X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-2896","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-065X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]}}}